Database comparison
1 Loading data and packages
library(readxl)
library(readr)
library(CTexploreR)
library(Vennerable)
library(biomaRt)
library(tidyverse)
library(SummarizedExperiment)
library(UpSetR)Gene names/synonyms required for databases cleaning
ensembl <- biomaRt::useDataset("hsapiens_gene_ensembl", useMart("ensembl"))
attributes_vector <- c("ensembl_gene_id", "external_gene_name",
"external_synonym", "gene_biotype",
"chromosome_name", "band", "start_position", "end_position",
"strand")
ensembl_gene_synonym <- as_tibble(getBM(attributes = attributes_vector, mart = ensembl))
ensembl_gene_synonym <- ensembl_gene_synonym %>%
mutate(external_synonym = sub(pattern = "ORF", external_synonym,
replacement = "orf"))
attributes_vector <- c("ensembl_gene_id", "external_gene_name")
ensembl_gene_names <- as_tibble(getBM(attributes = attributes_vector, mart = ensembl))
attributes_vector <- c("external_gene_name",
"external_synonym")
gene_synonym <- as_tibble(getBM(attributes = attributes_vector, mart = ensembl))CT_and_CTP_genes <- CT_genes()
CT_genes <- (filter(CT_genes(), CT_gene_type == "CT_gene"))
upset_text_size <- c(2, 2, 2, 2, 3.5, 3.5)
#c(intersection size title, intersection size tick labels, set size title,
# set size tick labels, set names, numbers above bars)2 Database comparison
2.1 Lists cleaning
CT lists from other databases have been checked (using GTEx and our
GTEx_expression() function and GeneCards) in order to
remove duplicated gene names or deprecated ones and allow comparison
between databases.
2.1.1 CTdatabase
Online list copied in a csv file, several lists exist so we combined them.
We checked gene names that were a concatenation of two genes (choice using biomaRt synonyms to get the official one), checked which ones had the right names, removed duplicated genes, verified lost genes and added back those that should be there.
CTdatabase <- read_delim("data/CTdatabase1.csv", delim = ";",
escape_double = FALSE, trim_ws = TRUE)
colnames(CTdatabase) <- c("Family", "Gene_Name", "Chromosomal_localization",
"CT_identifier")
CTdatabase_bis <- read_csv2("data/CTdatabase2.csv")
CTdatabase <- left_join(CTdatabase, CTdatabase_bis,
by = c("Gene_Name" = "Gene_Symbol"))
CTdatabase_single <- CTdatabase %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = sub(pattern = "/.*$", Gene_Name, replacement = ""))
CTdatabase_single <- CTdatabase_single %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = sub(pattern = ",.*$", Gene_Name, replacement = ""))
CTdatabase_official_names <-
unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id,
external_gene_name)) %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name) %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA)
CTdatabase_synonym <-
ensembl_gene_synonym %>%
filter(external_synonym %in% CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name) %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_synonym) %>%
dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name, Gene_Name, external_synonym)
CTdatabase_cleaned <-
rbind(CTdatabase_official_names, CTdatabase_synonym) %>%
left_join(CTdatabase_single)
duplicated_genes <- CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name[duplicated(CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name)]
bad_ids <- ensembl_gene_synonym %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% duplicated_genes | external_synonym %in% duplicated_genes) %>%
filter(chromosome_name %in% grep(pattern = "H", x = chromosome_name, value = TRUE)) %>%
pull(ensembl_gene_id)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- CTdatabase_cleaned %>%
dplyr::filter(!ensembl_gene_id %in% bad_ids)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- CTdatabase_cleaned %>%
filter(!ensembl_gene_id == "ENSG00000052126")
CTdatabase_cleaned <- CTdatabase_cleaned %>%
filter(!(ensembl_gene_id == "ENSG00000183305" & Gene_Name == "MAGEA2"))
CTdatabase_cleaned <- CTdatabase_cleaned %>%
filter(!ensembl_gene_id == "ENSG00000204648")
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "CSAG3B")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "CSAG2", "external_synonym"] <- "CSAG3B"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "CT45A4")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "CT45A3", "external_synonym"] <- "CT45A4"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "LAGE-1b")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "CTAG2", "external_synonym"] <- "LAGE-1b"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "CT16.2")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "PAGE5", "external_synonym"] <- "CT16.2"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "SPANXB2")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "SPANXB1", "external_synonym"] <- "SPANXB2"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "SPANXE")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "SPANXD", "external_synonym"] <- "SPANXE"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "XAGE1C")
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "XAGE1D")
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "XAGE1E")
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "XAGE2B")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "XAGE2", "external_synonym"] <- "XAGE2B"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- filter(CTdatabase_cleaned, Gene_Name != "CTAGE-2")
CTdatabase_cleaned[CTdatabase_cleaned$Gene_Name == "CTAGE1", "external_synonym"] <- "CTAGE-2"
CTdatabase_cleaned <- ensembl_gene_synonym %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_synonym) %>%
filter(external_synonym == "CXorf61") %>%
dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name, Gene_Name, external_synonym) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "Cxorf61",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name)) %>%
filter(external_gene_name == "CCNA1") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "cyclin A1",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name))%>%
filter(external_gene_name == "GOLGA6L2") %>%
filter(ensembl_gene_id == "ENSG00000174450") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "GOLGAGL2 FA",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name))%>%
filter(external_gene_name == "LYPD6B") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "LOC130576",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name))%>%
filter(external_gene_name == "CT62") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "LOC196993",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name))%>%
filter(external_gene_name == "CT75") %>%
filter(ensembl_gene_id == "ENSG00000291155") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "LOC440934",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name))%>%
filter(external_gene_name == "LINC01192") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "LOC647107",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name))%>%
filter(external_gene_name == "TSPY1") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "LOC728137",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- unique(dplyr::select(ensembl_gene_synonym, ensembl_gene_id, external_gene_name))%>%
filter(external_gene_name == "SSX2B") %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA) %>%
cbind(CTdatabase_single[CTdatabase_single$Gene_Name == "SSX2b",
c("Family", "Chromosomal_localization", "CT_identifier", "Classification")]) %>%
rbind(CTdatabase_cleaned)
CTdatabase_cleaned <- CTdatabase_cleaned[!duplicated(CTdatabase_cleaned$external_gene_name), ]
length(CTdatabase_cleaned$ensembl_gene_id[!CTdatabase_cleaned$ensembl_gene_id%in%all_genes$ensembl_gene_id])## [1] 99 genes are not found in all_genes even when using gene names and ensembl_gene_id
2.1.2 Jamin’s list
Excel file coming from supplemental data.
Jamin_core_CT <- read_excel("data/Jamin_core_CT.xlsx")
Jamin_core_CT[Jamin_core_CT$Gene == "KIAA1211", "Gene"] <- "CRACD"
Jamin_core_CT[Jamin_core_CT$Gene == "CXorf67", "Gene"] <- "EZHIP"
Jamin_core_CT[Jamin_core_CT$Gene == "KIAA1109", "Gene"] <- "BLTP1"
Jamin_core_CT[Jamin_core_CT$Gene == "C10orf82", "Gene"] <- "SPMIP5"
Jamin_core_CT[Jamin_core_CT$Gene == "TTC30B", "Gene"] <- "IFT70B"
Jamin_core_CT[Jamin_core_CT$Gene == "TTC30A", "Gene"] <- "IFT70A"All gene names have been linked to the right name in all_genes
2.1.3 Wang’s CTatlas
Excel file coming from supplemental data.
Wang_CT <- read_excel("data/Wang_Suppl_Data_3.xlsx",
sheet = "Supplementary Data 3B", skip = 1)
colnames(Wang_CT)[1] <- "ensembl_gene_id"
Wang_CT <- ensembl_gene_names %>%
filter(ensembl_gene_id %in% Wang_CT$ensembl_gene_id) %>%
right_join(Wang_CT)
Wang_CT[Wang_CT$ensembl_gene_id == "ENSG00000181013", "external_gene_name"] <- "C17orf47"
Wang_CT[Wang_CT$ensembl_gene_id == "ENSG00000204293", "external_gene_name"] <- "OR8B2"
length(Wang_CT$external_gene_name[!Wang_CT$external_gene_name %in% all_genes$external_gene_name])## [1] 1212 genes are not found in all_genes, by gene names or ensemble gene id and no other name.
2.1.4 Carter’s list
Carter_CT_list <- read_table("data/Carter_CT_list.txt", skip = 1)
Carter_CT <- Carter_CT_list[Carter_CT_list$CT_Expression,]
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000261649", "Gene_Name"] <- "GOLGA6L7"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000239620", "Gene_Name"] <- "PRR20G"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000168148", "Gene_Name"] <- "H3-4"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000204296", "Gene_Name"] <- "TSBP1"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000180219", "Gene_Name"] <- "GARIN6"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000172717", "Gene_Name"] <- "GARIN2"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000174015", "Gene_Name"] <- "CBY2"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000224960", "Gene_Name"] <- "PPP4R3C"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000221843", "Gene_Name"] <- "SPATA31H1"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000177947", "Gene_Name"] <- "CIMAP1A"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000172073", "Gene_Name"] <- "SPMIP9"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000229894", "Gene_Name"] <- "GK3"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000249693", "Gene_Name"] <- "SPMAP2L"
Carter_CT[Carter_CT$Gene == "ENSG00000173728", "Gene_Name"] <- "SPMIP3"
length(Carter_CT$Gene[!Carter_CT$Gene %in% all_genes$ensembl_gene_id])## [1] 11 gene cannot be found in all_genes even by ensemble or gene name
2.1.5 Bruggeman’s list
Excel file from supplemental data.
Bruggeman_data <- read_excel("data/Bruggeman_suppl_data.xlsx", skip = 1,
sheet = "1D")
Bruggeman_official_names <- gene_synonym %>%
dplyr::select(external_gene_name) %>%
unique() %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% Bruggeman_data$Gene) %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name) %>%
mutate(external_synonym = NA)
Bruggeman_synonym <- gene_synonym %>%
filter(external_synonym %in% Bruggeman_data$Gene) %>%
mutate(Gene_Name = external_synonym) %>%
dplyr::select(external_gene_name, Gene_Name, external_synonym)
Bruggeman_synonym <- Bruggeman_synonym[-which(Bruggeman_synonym$Gene_Name %in%
Bruggeman_official_names$Gene_Name),]
Bruggeman_CT <- rbind(Bruggeman_official_names, Bruggeman_synonym)
lost <- Bruggeman_data[which(!Bruggeman_data$Gene %in%
c(Bruggeman_CT$Gene_Name)), "Gene"]
colnames(lost) <- "external_gene_name"
lost$Gene_Name <- rep(NA, nrow(lost))
lost$external_synonym <- rep(NA, nrow(lost))
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C21orf59", "Gene_Name"] <- "CFAP298"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C11orf57", "Gene_Name"] <- "NKAPD1"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C7orf55", "Gene_Name"] <- "FMC1"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C10orf12", "Gene_Name"] <- "LCOR"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "RPL19P12", "Gene_Name"] <- "RPL19P12"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C16orf59", "Gene_Name"] <- "TEDC2"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "TTTY15", "Gene_Name"] <- "USP9Y"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C17orf53", "Gene_Name"] <- "HROB"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C1orf112", "Gene_Name"] <- "FIRRM"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C12orf66", "Gene_Name"] <- "KICS2"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C9orf84", "Gene_Name"] <- "SHOC1"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C10orf25", "Gene_Name"] <- "ZNF22-AS1"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C20orf197", "Gene_Name"] <- "LINC02910"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C3orf67", "Gene_Name"] <- "CFAP20DC"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C8orf37", "Gene_Name"] <- "CFAP418"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C22orf34", "Gene_Name"] <- "MIR3667HG"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C9orf131", "Gene_Name"] <- "SPATA31G1"
lost[lost$external_gene_name == "C17orf80", "Gene_Name"] <- "MTNAP1"
Bruggeman_CT <- rbind(Bruggeman_CT, lost)
missing_Bruggeman <- Bruggeman_CT[!Bruggeman_CT$Gene_Name %in%
all_genes$external_gene_name, ]$Gene_Name
external_names_to_keep <- gene_synonym %>%
filter(external_synonym %in% missing_Bruggeman) %>% # take those in Bruggeman that are synonym
filter(external_gene_name %in% all_genes$external_gene_name) %>% # but that are actually in all_genes with another name
mutate(Gene_Name = external_gene_name)
Bruggeman_CT[Bruggeman_CT$external_synonym %in%
external_names_to_keep$external_synonym,
"Gene_Name"] <- external_names_to_keep$Gene_Name
Bruggeman_CT <- Bruggeman_CT %>%
dplyr::select(Gene_Name)
length(Bruggeman_CT$Gene_Name[!Bruggeman_CT$Gene_Name %in%
all_genes$external_gene_name])## [1] 3939 genes are not found with their names in all genes
2.2 CTexploreR data for selection pipeline
To characterise the differences between our database and other, we
need the category we created in CTexploreR. For this, we have the object
all_genes in CTdata that contains the CT analysis for all
genes. More info in
Hereunder is what we used for our selection pipeline (coming from
make_all_genes_prelim.R and
130_make_all_genes_and_CT_genes.R in
CTdata).
all_genesFrom there, we filtered based on the testis_specificity (“testis_specific”, which is based on expression in health tissue and scRNA seq info from HPA), CCLE_category (“activated”) and TCGA_category (“activated” or “multimapping_issue”) to have our CT genes. Then, when wanting to validate TSS manually, we realised that for some genes, reads were not properly aligned to exons which might reflect a poorly defined transcription in these regions and are hence likely unreliable.
Some genes were also characterized as Cancer-Testis preferential genes when testis specificity was less stringent
2.3 CTexploreR VS CTdatabase
CTdatabase_ours <- Venn(list(CTexploreR = CT_genes$external_gene_name,
CTdatabase = CTdatabase_cleaned$external_gene_name))
gp <- VennThemes(compute.Venn(CTdatabase_ours))
gp[["Face"]][["11"]]$fill <- "mediumaquamarine"
gp[["Face"]][["10"]]$fill <- "darkseagreen1"
gp[["Face"]][["01"]]$fill <- "lightsteelblue1"
gp[["Set"]][["Set2"]]$col <- "paleturquoise4"
gp[["Set"]][["Set1"]]$col <- "darkseagreen4"
gp[["SetText"]][["Set2"]]$col <- "paleturquoise4"
gp[["SetText"]][["Set1"]]$col <- "darkseagreen4"
gp[["FaceText"]][["11"]]$fontsize <- 30
gp[["FaceText"]][["10"]]$fontsize <- 30
gp[["FaceText"]][["01"]]$fontsize <- 30
gp[["SetText"]][["Set2"]]$fontsize <- 30
gp[["SetText"]][["Set1"]]$fontsize <- 30
plot(CTdatabase_ours, gp = gp)
We find 25.6097561 % of CTdatabase in CTexploreR, which is 43.1506849% of our database.
Lost genes analysis
CTdatabase_lost <- all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% CTdatabase_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]])
# 9 Genes are lost because not in any database like before
table(CTdatabase_lost$testis_specificity)##
## not_testis_specific testis_preferential testis_specific
## 101 29 44table(CTdatabase_lost$CT_gene_type)##
## CTP_gene other
## 23 151table(CTdatabase_lost$not_detected_in_somatic_HPA)##
## FALSE TRUE
## 51 85table(CTdatabase_lost$TCGA_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated multimapping_issue
## 78 29 2 28
## not_activated
## 37table(CTdatabase_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## 89 26 4 55table(CTdatabase_lost$TCGA_category, CTdatabase_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## activated 60 1 3 14
## leaky 4 25 0 0
## lowly_activated 1 0 1 0
## multimapping_issue 14 0 0 14
## not_activated 10 0 0 27CTdatabase_lost_upset <-
list(`Not testis specific` =
filter(CTdatabase_lost,
testis_specificity != "testis_specific" &
CT_gene_type == "other")$external_gene_name,
`Not tumour activated` =
filter(CTdatabase_lost,
(TCGA_category != "activated" &
TCGA_category != "multimapping_issue")|
CCLE_category != "activated")$external_gene_name,
`CT preferential` =
filter(CTdatabase_lost,
CT_gene_type == "CTP_gene")$external_gene_name)
CTdatabase_lost$external_gene_name[!CTdatabase_lost$external_gene_name %in% unlist(CTdatabase_lost_upset)]## character(0)upset_CTdatabase <- fromList(CTdatabase_lost_upset)
upset(upset_CTdatabase,
text.scale = upset_text_size,
mb.ratio = c(0.6, 0.4))
74.7126437 % of these genes are not testis specific.
However 23 of these lost genes are flagged as Cancer-Testis preferential in our analysis.
65.5172414 % are not properly activated in tumors and/or cancer cell lines.
There is one gene (SPANXN1) that is missing (in 165 from CTdatabase lost) but that is not on the upset plot (164 on upset plot) as it was removed because of the TSS.
In their analysis, they had characterised gene specificity, some being not available, not found in testis, testis-restricted, testis-selective and testis/brain-restricted. Let’s see how the lost genes qualify as they didn’t mention those were strictly testis specific.
CTdatabase_cleaned %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% CTdatabase_lost$external_gene_name) %>%
pull(Classification) %>%
table()## .
## not available not found in testis testis-restricted
## 95 2 16
## testis-selective testis/brain-restricted
## 54 7We can see that most of them had no info or were testis-selective (I couldn’t find on website or paper how they selected categories).
all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% CTdatabase_ours@IntersectionSets[["10"]]) %>%
pull(regulated_by_methylation) %>%
table()## .
## FALSE TRUE
## 31 51all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% CTdatabase_ours@IntersectionSets[["10"]]) %>%
pull(transcript_biotype) %>%
table()## .
## lncRNA protein_coding
## 27 56table(CT_genes$transcript_biotype)##
## lncRNA protein_coding
## 29 117#45 lncRNA in all CT_genes
all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% CTdatabase_ours@IntersectionSets[["10"]]) %>%
pull(CpG_promoter) %>%
table()## .
## high intermediate low
## 30 28 25table(CT_genes$CpG_promoter)##
## high intermediate low
## 44 69 33all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% CTdatabase_ours@IntersectionSets[["10"]])2.4 CTexploreR VS omics databases
core_ours <- Venn(list(CTexploreR = CT_genes$external_gene_name,
Jamin = Jamin_core_CT$Gene))
Wang_ours <- Venn(list(CTexploreR = CT_genes$external_gene_name,
Wang = Wang_CT$external_gene_name))
Carter_ours <- Venn(list(CTexploreR = CT_genes$external_gene_name,
Carter_CT = Carter_CT$Gene_Name))
Bruggeman_ours <- Venn(list(CTexploreR = CT_genes$external_gene_name,
Bruggeman = Bruggeman_CT$Gene_Name))
gene_list <- list(CTexploreR = CT_genes$external_gene_name,
Carter = Carter_CT$Gene_Name,
Jamin = Jamin_core_CT$Gene,
CTatlas = Wang_CT$external_gene_name,
Bruggeman = Bruggeman_CT$Gene_Name)
upset_omics <- fromList(gene_list)
upset(upset_omics)
4 in all, 60 in at least 3 databases
Lost genes analysis
plot(core_ours, gp = gp)
Jamin_lost <- all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% core_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]])
table(Jamin_lost$testis_specificity)##
## not_testis_specific testis_preferential testis_specific
## 81 13 5table(Jamin_lost$CT_gene_type)##
## CTP_gene other
## 10 89table(Jamin_lost$not_detected_in_somatic_HPA)##
## FALSE TRUE
## 45 36table(Jamin_lost$TCGA_category)##
## activated leaky multimapping_issue not_activated
## 34 42 19 4table(Jamin_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## 55 35 1 8table(Jamin_lost$TCGA_category, Jamin_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## activated 28 2 1 3
## leaky 9 33 0 0
## multimapping_issue 16 0 0 3
## not_activated 2 0 0 2Jamin_lost_upset <-
list(`Not testis specific` =
filter(Jamin_lost,
testis_specificity != "testis_specific" &
CT_gene_type == "other")$external_gene_name,
`Not tumour activated` =
filter(Jamin_lost,
(TCGA_category != "activated" &
TCGA_category != "multimapping_issue")|
CCLE_category != "activated")$external_gene_name,
`CT preferential` =
filter(Jamin_lost,
CT_gene_type == "CTP_gene")$external_gene_name)
upset_Jamin <- fromList(Jamin_lost_upset)
upset(upset_Jamin,
text.scale = upset_text_size)
We find 20.8 % of CTdatabase in CTexploreR, which is 17.8082192 % of our database.
94.9494949% of these genes are not testis specific.
However 10 of these lost genes are flagged as Cancer-Testis preferential in our analysis.
71.7171717 % are not properly activated in tumors and/or cancer cell lines.
plot(Wang_ours, gp = gp)
Wang_lost <- all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% Wang_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]])
# 12 genes lost because no info like before
table(Wang_lost$testis_specificity)##
## not_testis_specific testis_preferential testis_specific
## 574 141 216table(Wang_lost$CT_gene_type)##
## CTP_gene other
## 79 852table(Wang_lost$not_detected_in_somatic_HPA)##
## FALSE TRUE
## 254 601table(Wang_lost$TCGA_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated multimapping_issue
## 464 163 9 69
## not_activated
## 226table(Wang_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## 405 121 40 365table(Wang_lost$TCGA_category, Wang_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## activated 308 9 28 119
## leaky 47 112 2 2
## lowly_activated 2 0 3 4
## multimapping_issue 20 0 1 48
## not_activated 28 0 6 192Wang_lost_upset <-
list(`Not testis specific` =
filter(Wang_lost,
testis_specificity != "testis_specific" &
CT_gene_type == "other")$external_gene_name,
`Not tumour activated` =
filter(Wang_lost,
(TCGA_category != "activated" &
TCGA_category != "multimapping_issue")|
CCLE_category != "activated")$external_gene_name,
`CT preferential` =
filter(Wang_lost,
CT_gene_type == "CTP_gene")$external_gene_name)
upset_Wang <- fromList(Wang_lost_upset)
upset(upset_Wang,
text.scale = upset_text_size)
We find 7.4582924 % of CTdatabase in CTexploreR, which is 52.0547945 % of our database.
76.7991407% of these genes are not testis specific.
However 79 of these lost genes are flagged as Cancer-Testis preferential in our analysis.
66.9172932 % are not properly activated in tumors and/or cancer cell lines.
plot(Carter_ours, gp = gp)
Carter_lost <- all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% Carter_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]])
# 1 lost because no info, like before
table(Carter_lost$testis_specificity)##
## not_testis_specific testis_preferential testis_specific
## 22 9 32table(Carter_lost$CT_gene_type)##
## CTP_gene other
## 4 59table(Carter_lost$not_detected_in_somatic_HPA)##
## FALSE TRUE
## 13 43table(Carter_lost$TCGA_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## 44 1 2 16table(Carter_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated lowly_activated not_activated
## 16 9 38table(Carter_lost$TCGA_category, Carter_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated lowly_activated not_activated
## activated 14 8 22
## leaky 0 0 1
## lowly_activated 1 0 1
## not_activated 1 1 14Carter_lost_upset <-
list(`Not testis specific` =
filter(Carter_lost,
testis_specificity != "testis_specific" &
CT_gene_type == "other")$external_gene_name,
`Not tumour activated` =
filter(Carter_lost,
(TCGA_category != "activated" &
TCGA_category != "multimapping_issue")|
CCLE_category != "activated")$external_gene_name,
`CT preferential` =
filter(Carter_lost,
CT_gene_type == "CTP_gene")$external_gene_name)
upset_Carter <- fromList(Carter_lost_upset)
upset(upset_Carter,
text.scale = upset_text_size)
We find 37.8640777 % of CTdatabase in CTexploreR, which is 26.7123288 % of our database.
49.2063492% of these genes are not testis specific.
However 4 of these lost genes are flagged as Cancer-Testis preferential in our analysis.
77.7777778 % are not properly activated in tumors and/or cancer cell lines.
plot(Bruggeman_ours, gp = gp)
Bruggeman_lost <- all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% Bruggeman_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]])
# 38 lost, like before
table(Bruggeman_lost$testis_specificity)##
## not_testis_specific testis_preferential testis_specific
## 669 26 10table(Bruggeman_lost$CT_gene_type)##
## CTP_gene other
## 20 685table(Bruggeman_lost$not_detected_in_somatic_HPA)##
## FALSE TRUE
## 441 169table(Bruggeman_lost$TCGA_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated multimapping_issue
## 290 381 6 11
## not_activated
## 17table(Bruggeman_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## 316 360 11 18table(Bruggeman_lost$TCGA_category, Bruggeman_lost$CCLE_category)##
## activated leaky lowly_activated not_activated
## activated 239 31 7 13
## leaky 56 323 2 0
## lowly_activated 1 4 0 1
## multimapping_issue 9 0 1 1
## not_activated 11 2 1 3Bruggeman_lost_upset <-
list(`Not testis specific` =
filter(Bruggeman_lost,
testis_specificity != "testis_specific" &
CT_gene_type == "other")$external_gene_name,
`Not tumour activated` =
filter(Bruggeman_lost,
(TCGA_category != "activated" &
TCGA_category != "multimapping_issue")|
CCLE_category != "activated")$external_gene_name,
`CT preferential` =
filter(Bruggeman_lost,
CT_gene_type == "CTP_gene")$external_gene_name)
upset_Bruggeman <- fromList(Bruggeman_lost_upset)
upset(upset_Bruggeman,
text.scale = upset_text_size)
We find 1.5873016 % of CTdatabase in CTexploreR, which is 8.2191781 % of our database.
98.5815603% of these genes are not testis specific.
However 20 of these lost genes are flagged as Cancer-Testis preferential in our analysis.
66.0992908 % are not properly activated in tumors and/or cancer cell lines.
2.5 Characterisation of differences with all databases
all_database_gene_list <- list(CTexploreR = CT_genes$external_gene_name,
Carter = Carter_CT$Gene_Name,
Jamin = Jamin_core_CT$Gene,
CTatlas = Wang_CT$external_gene_name,
Bruggeman = Bruggeman_CT$Gene_Name,
CTdatabase = CTdatabase_cleaned$external_gene_name)
upset_all_database <- fromList(all_database_gene_list)
upset_text_size_all <- c(2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2)
#c(intersection size title, intersection size tick labels, set size title,
# set size tick labels, set names, numbers above bars)
upset(upset_all_database,
nsets = 6,
nintersects = 50,
text.scale = upset_text_size_all,
mb.ratio = c(0.6, 0.4))
Venn_all_database <- Venn(all_database_gene_list)
Venn_all_database@IntersectionSets[["111111"]]## [1] "MAGEB2" "MAGEA4" "MAGEA3"common <- unique(c(core_ours@IntersectionSets[["11"]],
CTdatabase_ours@IntersectionSets[["11"]],
Wang_ours@IntersectionSets[["11"]],
Carter_ours@IntersectionSets[["11"]],
Bruggeman_ours@IntersectionSets[["11"]]))
length(common)## [1] 98length(common)/dim(CT_genes)[1] * 100## [1] 67.12329lost_list <- unique(c(core_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]],
CTdatabase_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]],
Wang_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]],
Carter_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]],
Bruggeman_ours@IntersectionSets[["01"]]))
lost <- all_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% lost_list)
all_lost_upset <-
list(`Not testis specific` =
filter(lost,
testis_specificity != "testis_specific" &
CT_gene_type == "other")$external_gene_name,
`Not tumour activated` =
filter(lost,
(TCGA_category != "activated" &
TCGA_category != "multimapping_issue")|
CCLE_category != "activated")$external_gene_name,
`CT preferential` =
filter(lost,
CT_gene_type == "CTP_gene")$external_gene_name)
upset_all <- fromList(all_lost_upset)
upset(upset_all,
text.scale = upset_text_size)
not_specific <- filter(lost, testis_specificity == "not_testis_specific")
GTEX_expression(not_specific$external_gene_name, units = "log_TPM")## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation## loading from cache
somatic_testis <- filter(lost, not_detected_in_somatic_HPA == FALSE)
testis_expression(somatic_testis$external_gene_name, cells = "all")## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation
## loading from cache## Warning: 11 out of 711 names invalid: MPL, EDAR, ASB14, F2RL2, PCDHGB2, FOXO3B,
## KRT33B, SEMG1, ADORA2A, DAZ2, DAZ4.
## See the manual page for valid types.## `use_raster` is automatically set to TRUE for a matrix with more than
## 2000 columns You can control `use_raster` argument by explicitly
## setting TRUE/FALSE to it.
##
## Set `ht_opt$message = FALSE` to turn off this message.
HPA_cell_type_expression(somatic_testis$external_gene_name)## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation
## loading from cache
not_TCGA_activated <- filter(lost, TCGA_category != "activated" &
TCGA_category != "multimapping_issue")
TCGA_expression(not_TCGA_activated$external_gene_name,
tumor = "all",
units = "log_TPM")## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation
## loading from cache## `use_raster` is automatically set to TRUE for a matrix with more than
## 2000 columns You can control `use_raster` argument by explicitly
## setting TRUE/FALSE to it.
##
## Set `ht_opt$message = FALSE` to turn off this message.
not_CCLE_activated <- filter(lost, CCLE_category != "activated")
CCLE_expression(not_CCLE_activated$external_gene_name,
type = c("lung", "skin", "colorectal",
"gastric", "breast", "head_and_neck"),
units = "log_TPM")## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation## loading from cache
transcript_prob <- lost %>%
pull(IGV_backbone) %>%
table()98 genes in our CTexploreR database are found in at least one of the other database, which represents 67.1232877%.
The 3 genes found in all databases are MAGEB2, MAGEA4, MAGEA3.
We have lost 1713 genes in total. Among them, 72.9130181% are not considered testis specific, 41.5061296% are expressed in somatic cells, 48.1611208% are not activated in TCGA samples, 54.5826036% are not activated in CCLE cell lines and 0.5837712% is lost due to transcripts problems.
What about new genes in CTexploreR
new <- CT_genes %>%
filter(external_gene_name %in% Venn_all_database@IntersectionSets[["100000"]])
newtable(new$testis_specificity)##
## testis_specific
## 48table(new$X_linked)##
## FALSE TRUE
## 36 12table(new$regulated_by_methylation)##
## FALSE TRUE
## 16 31table(new$X_linked, new$regulated_by_methylation)##
## FALSE TRUE
## FALSE 16 19
## TRUE 0 12table(new$CpG_promoter)##
## high intermediate low
## 15 19 14TCGA_expression(tumor = "all", genes = new$external_gene_name,
units = "log_TPM")## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation## loading from cache## `use_raster` is automatically set to TRUE for a matrix with more than
## 2000 columns You can control `use_raster` argument by explicitly
## setting TRUE/FALSE to it.
##
## Set `ht_opt$message = FALSE` to turn off this message.
TCGA_expression(tumor = "all",
genes = filter(new, X_linked & regulated_by_methylation)$external_gene_name,
units = "log_TPM")## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation## loading from cache## `use_raster` is automatically set to TRUE for a matrix with more than
## 2000 columns You can control `use_raster` argument by explicitly
## setting TRUE/FALSE to it.
##
## Set `ht_opt$message = FALSE` to turn off this message.
testis_expression(genes = new$external_gene_name, "germ_cells")## see ?CTdata and browseVignettes('CTdata') for documentation## loading from cache## `use_raster` is automatically set to TRUE for a matrix with more than
## 2000 columns You can control `use_raster` argument by explicitly
## setting TRUE/FALSE to it.
##
## Set `ht_opt$message = FALSE` to turn off this message.
There are 48 new CT genes in CTexploreR. These are all testis specific and mainly on autosomes. Regulation by methylation is the majority of them. There is only 11 new “major” CT that are on the X chromosome and regulated by methylation. CT45 are not that new.
Expression in tumours doesn’t strike that much.
3 SessionInfo
sessionInfo()## R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
## Running under: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS
##
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libblas.so.3
## LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libopenblasp-r0.3.20.so; LAPACK version 3.10.0
##
## locale:
## [1] LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C LC_TIME=C.UTF-8
## [4] LC_COLLATE=C.UTF-8 LC_MONETARY=C.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=C.UTF-8
## [7] LC_PAPER=C.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C LC_ADDRESS=C
## [10] LC_TELEPHONE=C LC_MEASUREMENT=C.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
##
## time zone: Europe/Brussels
## tzcode source: system (glibc)
##
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats4 stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods
## [8] base
##
## other attached packages:
## [1] SingleCellExperiment_1.28.1 UpSetR_1.4.0
## [3] SummarizedExperiment_1.36.0 Biobase_2.66.0
## [5] GenomicRanges_1.58.0 GenomeInfoDb_1.42.3
## [7] IRanges_2.40.1 S4Vectors_0.44.0
## [9] BiocGenerics_0.52.0 MatrixGenerics_1.18.1
## [11] matrixStats_1.5.0 lubridate_1.9.4
## [13] forcats_1.0.0 stringr_1.5.1
## [15] dplyr_1.1.4 purrr_1.0.4
## [17] tidyr_1.3.1 tibble_3.2.1
## [19] ggplot2_3.5.1 tidyverse_2.0.0
## [21] biomaRt_2.62.1 Vennerable_3.1.0.9000
## [23] CTexploreR_1.2.0 CTdata_1.6.0
## [25] readr_2.1.5 readxl_1.4.5
##
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## [1] DBI_1.2.3 RBGL_1.82.0 gridExtra_2.3
## [4] httr2_1.1.1 rlang_1.1.5 magrittr_2.0.3
## [7] clue_0.3-66 GetoptLong_1.0.5 compiler_4.4.1
## [10] RSQLite_2.3.9 reshape2_1.4.4 png_0.1-8
## [13] vctrs_0.6.5 pkgconfig_2.0.3 shape_1.4.6.1
## [16] crayon_1.5.3 fastmap_1.2.0 magick_2.8.6
## [19] dbplyr_2.5.0 XVector_0.46.0 labeling_0.4.3
## [22] rmarkdown_2.29 tzdb_0.5.0 graph_1.84.1
## [25] UCSC.utils_1.2.0 bit_4.6.0 xfun_0.51
## [28] zlibbioc_1.52.0 cachem_1.1.0 jsonlite_1.9.1
## [31] progress_1.2.3 blob_1.2.4 DelayedArray_0.32.0
## [34] prettyunits_1.2.0 parallel_4.4.1 cluster_2.1.8.1
## [37] R6_2.6.1 stringi_1.8.4 bslib_0.9.0
## [40] RColorBrewer_1.1-3 jquerylib_0.1.4 cellranger_1.1.0
## [43] Rcpp_1.0.14 iterators_1.0.14 knitr_1.50
## [46] timechange_0.3.0 Matrix_1.7-3 tidyselect_1.2.1
## [49] rstudioapi_0.17.1 abind_1.4-8 yaml_2.3.10
## [52] doParallel_1.0.17 codetools_0.2-20 curl_6.2.2
## [55] plyr_1.8.9 lattice_0.22-6 withr_3.0.2
## [58] KEGGREST_1.46.0 evaluate_1.0.3 BiocFileCache_2.14.0
## [61] xml2_1.3.8 circlize_0.4.16 ExperimentHub_2.14.0
## [64] Biostrings_2.74.1 pillar_1.10.1 BiocManager_1.30.25
## [67] filelock_1.0.3 foreach_1.5.2 generics_0.1.3
## [70] vroom_1.6.5 BiocVersion_3.20.0 hms_1.1.3
## [73] munsell_0.5.1 scales_1.3.0 glue_1.8.0
## [76] tools_4.4.1 AnnotationHub_3.14.0 Cairo_1.6-2
## [79] grid_4.4.1 AnnotationDbi_1.68.0 colorspace_2.1-1
## [82] GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.13 cli_3.6.4 rappdirs_0.3.3
## [85] S4Arrays_1.6.0 ComplexHeatmap_2.22.0 gtable_0.3.6
## [88] sass_0.4.9 digest_0.6.37 SparseArray_1.6.2
## [91] ggrepel_0.9.6 farver_2.1.2 rjson_0.2.23
## [94] memoise_2.0.1 htmltools_0.5.8.1 lifecycle_1.0.4
## [97] httr_1.4.7 mime_0.13 GlobalOptions_0.1.2
## [100] bit64_4.6.0-1